Increment and Decrement Operators are common in many Languages,
Increment Operator is represented by ++
Decrement Operator is represented by --
Pre-increment or Pre-decrement:
if you Put increment or Decrement Operator before the variable, operation is done to the variable first then the result is returned.
Post-increment or Post-decrement:
if you put increment or decrement operator after the variable, Operation is done after the variable returned.
Short Description:
++$a(Pre-increment) = Increments $a by one, then returns $a.
$a++(Post-increment) = Returns $a, then increments $a by one.
–$a(Pre-decrement) = Decrements $a by one, then returns $a.
$a–(Post-decrement) = Returns $a, then decrements $a by one.